The Palani Witch Trials

Every day I am reminded of how we still live in a Demon Haunted WorldVikram tips us off to a very Arthur Miller-esque story in the Washington Post.

At sundown, Pusanidevi Manjhi recalled, nine village men stormed into her house shouting, “Witch, witch!” and dragged her out by her hair as her six small children watched helplessly.

“This woman is a witch!” the men announced to the villagers, said Manjhi, 36. She said they tied her ankles together and locked her in a dark room.

“They beat me with bamboo sticks and metal rods and tried to pull my nails out. ‘You are a witch, admit it,’ they screamed at me again and again,” Manjhi said, tearfully recalling her four days of captivity in June.

They accused me of casting an evil spell on their paddy crop that was destroyed in a fire. I begged them and told them I was not a witch,” she said, showing wounds on her legs, thighs, hips and shoulders one recent morning in this village in the eastern Indian state of Jharkhand.

So of course I wonder, why her?  What was the real reason the village men decided to put on such an obscene farce?  After reading just the above portion I skimmed over most of the article to land on the following:

“Gahan Lal was a powerful landlord. There were fights all the time in the village over land and wages,” said Jayant Tirkey, the police officer investigating the case. “When his paddy caught fire, he blamed [Manjhi] for casting an evil spell. But that is merely an excuse. His real motive is to instill fear among the poor.

Look at how closely the above story resembles the plot of Arthur Miller’s play about the Salem Witch Trials:

The Crucible introduces a community full of underlying personal grudges. Religion pervades every aspect of life, but it is a religion that lacks a ritual outlet to manage emotions such as anger, jealousy, or resentment. By 1692, Salem has become a fairly established community, removed from its days as an outpost on a hostile frontier. Many of the former dangers that united the community in its early years have lessened, while interpersonal feuds and grudges over property, religious offices, and sexual behavior have begun to simmer beneath the theocratic surface. These tensions, combined with the paranoia about supernatural forces, pervade the town’s religious sensibility and provide the raw materials for the hysteria of the witch trials.

The idea of guilt by association is central to the events in The Crucible, as it is one of the many ways in which the private, moral behavior of citizens can be regulated. An individual must fear that the sins of his or her friends and associates will taint his or her own name. Therefore, the individual is pressured to govern his or her private relationships according to public opinion and public law. To solidify one’s good name, it is necessary to publicly condemn the wrongdoing of others. In this way, guilt by association also reinforces the publicization of private sins. Even before the play begins, Abigail’s increasingly questionable reputation, in light of her unexplained firing by the upright Elizabeth Proctor, threatens her uncle Parris’s tenuous hold on power and authority in the community. The allegations of witchcraft only render her an even greater threat to him. [Link]

Over the last few months I get enraged every time I hear a debate about Evolution vs. Creationism.  How have we sunk so low that even our President believes Creationism should be allowed in schools?  Then I read quotes like the following and think about how much worse it could be:

Only two Indian states, Jharkhand and Bihar, have outlawed witch-hunting. Last year, one of India’s northeastern states, Tripura, conducted a discussion in the legislative assembly about the need to ban the practice of witch-hunting. After a day-long debate, the assembly unanimously decided that killing of people for practicing witchcraft should be prevented.

However, members failed to reach a consensus on whether witchcraft was a science or superstition.

11 thoughts on “The Palani Witch Trials

  1. Shudder!!!

    Similar story in The Hindu that I read last month here

    “After reports of atrocities on women who are branded as witches in Chhattisgarh, the Raman Singh government is bringing a legislation soon to make witchcraft a non-bailable offence with a rigorous prison term for five years.”

  2. We need not look as far as Bihar to find such examples of blatant pseudo-science. I guess Dubya can seek inspiration from the University Grants Commission (the overarching educational policy body within the GoI) that set up a course recommendation for universities to teach Vedic Astrology with the following scope:

    Beneficiaries of these courses would be students, teachers, professionals from modern streams like doctors, architects, marketing, financial, economic and political analysts, etc.

    They don’t talk about how students will be examined because the best students will be able to predict both the question, the answer and the grades they get!

  3. A meandering comment to escape typing “mutiny” multiple times…

    Hmm.. The byline confuses me. The only Palani that I (and Google) know of is in Tamilnadu, yet the paper talks only about eastern North India. Not to say that this stuff isn’t true, but…

    One difference between the creationism debate in the US and the witchcraft debate mentioned above is that fundamental science textbooks aren’t being doctored in India based on politics (Indian politicians seem to be more keen on rewriting history, though). I find the creation of borderline higher degrees (such as a specialization in Vedic Astrology in India, or a Ph.D. in life experience much less pernicious than teaching people about superstitions like intelligent design (which brings me to why scientology’s alien theory doesn’t meet the standard for education – now that’s something to put on Cruise Control!).

    Personally, I read The Crucible as being only superficially about the Salem trials. I feel the genius of the play is in its bold attack on McCarthyism, by reducing its seemingly principled assault on communism to nothing more than superstition.

  4. I feel the genius of the play is in its bold attack on McCarthyism, by reducing its seemingly principled assault on communism to nothing more than superstition.

    yeah. I read it as an allegory too.

  5. Creating degrees about astrology is just every bit as pernicious as setting up ID universities. But GW is not really being original. The Dutch minister of Education thought that ID is a great idea and is planning to introduce it into the curriculum. Besides, Bush’s reasoning for why ID should be in the curriculum goes a long way into explaining exactly how logic works in his part of the universe.

    “You’re asking me whether or not people ought to be exposed to different ideas, the answer is yes,” the president declared.

    By that token, even neo-Nazism (a different idea) should be taught in schools.

  6. I think setting up ID universities is much more acceptable than teaching sixth grade kids who don’t know better that it is a theory on equal footing with evolution. That is why I was referring to fundamental science textbooks.

    Although it is sad that we have to talk about the comparative evils of these two options at all…

  7. Sadly, it has nothing to do with personal beliefs and everything to do with control. Be it the United States or India, an uneducated populace is an easily-manipulated populace.